TS 486 Functions, Informats, and Formats

1 Financial functions

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            sld = "straight-line depreciation"

 COMPOUND  (a,f,r,n) the missing argument of the four; f = a(1 + r)**n
8CONVX     (y,f,c1,...cn) convexity for an enumerated cashflow
8CONVXP    (a,c,n,k,k0,y) convexity for a periodic cashflow stream
 DACCDB    (p,v,y,r) accumulated depreciation using a declining balance method
 DACCDBSL  (p,v,y,r) same as DACCCB but with conversion to an sld function
 DACCSL    (p,v,y) accumulated depreciation using the straight-line method
 DACCSYD   (p,v,y) accumulated depreciation using the sum-of-years-digits method
 DACCTAB   (p,v,t1,...<tn>) accumulated depreciation using user-specified tables
 DEPDB     (p,v,y,r) depreciation using the declining balance method
 DEPDBSL   (p,v,y,r) same as DEPDB but with conversion to an sld function
 DEPSL     (p,v,y) straight-line depreciation
 DEPSYD    (p,v,y) sum-of-years-digits depreciation
 DEPTAB    (p,v,t1,...<tn>) depreciation using specified tables
8DUR       (y,f,c1,...cn) modified duration for an enumerated cashflow
8DURP      (a,c,n,k,k0,y) modified duration for a periodic cashflow stream
 INTRR     (freq,c0,c1,...cn) internal rate of return as a fraction
 IRR       (freq,c0,c1,...cn) internal rate of return as a percentage
 MORT      (amt,pay,rate,period) missing argument of the four amortization parms
 NETPV     (rate,freq,c0,c1,...cn) net present value with rate as a fraction
 NPV       (rate,freq,c0,c1,...cn) net present value with rate as a percentage
8PVP       (a,c,n,k,k0,y) present value for a periodic cashflow stream
 SAVING    (f,p,r,n) the missing argument of the four from a periodic saving
            f =  (p(1 + r)((1 + r)**n - 1)) / r
8YIELDP    (a,c,n,k,k0,y) yield-to-maturity for a periodic cashflow stream

 Dates and Times
 ---------------

7DATDIF    (d1,d2,b) number of days between sas date values d1 and d2 according
            to basis b ('30/360' or 'Actual')
 DATE      () sas date equal to the current date
 DATEJUL   (n) converts julian date n to a sas date; n = yyddd or yyyyddd
 DATEPART  (dt) date portion of the sas datetime value dt
 DATETIME  () sas datetime equal to the current date and time
 DAY       (d) day-of-month [1-31] from the sas date value d
 DHMS      (d,h,m,s) sas datetime from date, hour, minute, and second
 HMS       (h,m,s) sas time from hour, minute, and second
 HOUR      (tdt) hour [0-23] from either sas time or sas datetime value tdt
 INTCK     (int,fr,to) number of time intervals 'int' from 'fr' to 'to';
            fr and to are sas dates, times, or datetimes; interval values are
            listed in SASLang, p558 and SASP222+, p58
 INTNX     (int,fr,num) adds 'num' 'int' intervals to starting 'fr'
            fr and to are sas dates, times, or datetimes; interval values are
            listed in SASLang, p560 and SASP222+, p59
           (int,fr,num,align) 'align' parm added in Rel 6.11 and 6.09E; advances
            result to the 'beginning', 'middle', or 'end' of the interval
 JULDATE   (d) julian date equivalent of the sas date d
 JULDATE7& (d) julian date (with a 4-digit year) equivalent of the sas date d
 MDY       (m,d,y) sas date month, day, and year
 MINUTE    (tdt) minute [0-59] from either sas time or sas datetime value tdt
 MONTH     (d) month [1-12] from the sas date value d
 QTR       (d) quarter of the year [1-4] during which sas date value d falls
 SECOND    (tdt) second [0-59] from either sas time or sas datetime value tdt
 TIME      () sas time equal to the current time
 TIMEPART  (dt) time portion of the sas datetime value dt
 TODAY     () sas date equal to the current date
 WEEKDAY   (d) day-of-week [1-7] from the sas date value d, 1 = Sunday, etc.
 YEAR      (d) year as a four digit number from the sas date value d
7YRDIF     (d1,d2,b) number of years between sas date values d1 and d2 according
            to basis b ('30/360', 'Actual', 'ACT/360', or 'ACT/365')
 YYQ       (y,q) sas date equal to the first day of quarter q in year y

1 Web-based functions

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8HTMLDECODE(str) decoded string from str containing HTML numeric character
            references or HTML character entity references
8HTMLENCODE(str) encoded string from str using HTML character entity references
8URLDECODE (str) decoded string from str using the URL escape syntax
8URLENCODE (str) encoded string from str using the URL escape syntax

 Pattern Matching
 ----------------

9PRXCHANGE (expr|rxid,t,src) performs pattern-matching replacement on str src
9PRXCHANGE CALL(rxid,t,ostr,<nstr>,<len>,<trunc>,<n>) performs pattern-matching
9PRXDEBUG  CALL(b) if b > 0 then enables debug output; if zero, disables it
9PRXFREE   CALL(rxid) frees memory allocated by expression id from PRXPARSE
9PRXMATCH  (expr|rxid,src) position of beginning of pattern expr or id rxid
9PRXNEXT   CALL(rxid,beg,end,src,pos,len) position and length of a substring
            that matches a pattern and iterates over multiple matches
9PRXPAREN  (rxid) last bracket match for which there is a match in a pattern
9PRXPARSE  (expr) unique numeric id to compiled Perl regular expression expr
9PRXPOSN   (rxid,cb,src) capture buffer cb from string src using pattern id rxid
9PRXPOSN   CALL(rxid,cb,beg,<len>) start position and length for capture buffer
9PRXSUBSTR CALL(rxid,src,pos,<len>) position and length of a substring that
7RXCHANGE  CALL(rx,n,src,str) changes substring(s) that match a pattern
7RXFREE    CALL(rx) frees memory allocated by other RX functions
7RXMATCH   (rx,str) position of beginning of a substring that matches a pattern
7RXPARSE   (expr) unique identifier value from parsing pattern expression expr
7RXSUBSTR  CALL(rx,str,<pos>,<len>,<n>) finds position, length, and score of a

 National Language Support (NLS)
 -------------------------------
 note: no SAS version origin data provided; for details refer to 9ONLDOC

 EUROCURR  converts one European currency to another
 KCOMPARE  returns the result of a comparison of character strings
 KCOMPRESS removes specific characters from a character string
 KCOUNT    returns the number of double-byte characters in a string
 KCVT      converts data from an encoding code to another encoding code
 KINDEX    searches a character expression for a string of characters
 KINDEXC   searches a character expression for specific characters
 KLEFT     left-aligns a char expr by removing leading DBCS blanks and SO/SI
 KLENGTH   returns the length of an argument
 KLOWCASE  converts all letters in an argument to lowercase
 KREVERSE  reverses a character expression
 KRIGHT    right-aligns a char expr by trimming trailing DBCS blanks and SO/SI
 KSCAN     selects a specific word from a character expression
 KSTRCAT   concatenates two or more character strings
 KSUBSTR   extracts a substring from an argument
 KSUBSTRB  extracts a substring from an argument according to byte position
 KTRANSLATE replaces specific characters in a character expression
 KTRIM     removes trailing DBCS blanks and SO/SI from character expressions
 KTRUNCATE truncates a numeric value to a specified length
 KUPCASE   converts all single-byte letters in an argument to uppercase
 KUPDATE   inserts, deletes, and replaces character value contents
 KUPDATEB  inserts, deletes, and replaces the contents of the character value
           according to the byte position of the character value in the argument
 KVERIFY   returns position of first character that is unique to an expression
 NLDATE    converts SAS-date value to the date value of the specified locale
 NLDATM    converts SAS-datetime value to the time value of the specified locale
 NLTIME    converts SAS time or datetime value to time value of specified locale
 TRANTAB   transcodes a data string by using a translation table
 VARTRANSCODE returns the transcode attribute of a SAS-data set variable
 VTRANSCODE returns a value that indicates whether transcoding is on or off for
            the specified variable
 VTRANSCODEX returns a value that indicates whether transcoding is on or off for
            the specified argument
 WEEK      returns the week-number value

1 Some Function Q and A functions

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 Q) What is the best way to create a sas datetime value from a sas date variable
    and a sas time variable?
 A) datetime = dhms(date,0,0,time);
    (no need to use the hour, minute, and/or second functions)

 Q) There is no cube root function; how do I get the cube root of a number?
 A) Use fractional exponents:
    y = x**(1/3);

 Q) LAG lets me look at previous values of a variable; how do I look ahead
    at subsequent values?
 A) The data set must be merged with itself:
    for example, using the data set created by the following:
       data one; do i = 1 to 20; output; end;
    to create the variable 'nexti' containing the next value of i:
       data next; merge one one(firstobs=2 rename=(i=nexti) keep=i);
    to create the variable 'fifthi' containing the value of i five observations
    ahead:
       data fifth; merge one one(firstobs=5 rename=(i=fifthi) keep=i);

 Q) How do i convert a numeric variable to a character variable?
 A) You must create a differently-named variable using the PUT function.

 Q) How do i convert a character variable to a numeric variable?
 A) You must create a differently-named variable using the INPUT function.

 Q) How do I compute the factorial of a number?
 A) In V7 and above, use the FACT function:
       factor = fact(x);
    In prior releases, use the increment of the number and the GAMMA function:
       factor = gamma(x + 1);
    Note that you are limited to the architecture of the machine as to what
    magnitude of number will cause an overflow error.  On the IBM mainframe,
    the largest factorial that can be stored is 56!, which is approximately
    7.1099859e74.  IBM PC's have a much greater range limit.

 Q) How do I use the constant pi within SAS?
 A) In V7 and above, use the CONSTANT function:
       pi = constant('pi');
    In prior releases, here are two efficient methods of computing pi:
       pi = 4 * atan(1);
       pi = arcos(-1);   [slightly less efficient]

 Q) How can I compute the integral age (in years) of something?
 A) Given two sas date variables born and calc:
    age = int(intck('month',born,calc) / 12);
    if month(born) = month(calc) then
       age = age - (day(born) > day(calc));

 Q) How can I compute the number of months between two dates?
 A) Given two sas date variables begin and end:
    months = intck('month',begin,end) - (day(end) < day(begin));

 Q) How can I determine the position of the nth word within a character string?
 A) In V9 and above, use the CALL SCAN routine:
       call scan(string,n,position,length);
    In prior releases, use a combination of the INDEXW and SCAN functions:
       position = indexw(string,scan(string,n));

 Q) Why is there no WEEK function that returns 1-52?
 A) Since neither 365 nor 366 is divisible by 7, some dates will
    have to be in week '0' or week '53'.  The following code can be
    used if week of year is necessary:
    weekofyr = intck('week',intnx('year',date,0),date);
    (refer to SAS Communications, First Quarter 1992, p48)
    Note: beginning in Version 9, a WEEK function is provided via
    National Language Support.

1 Some Function Q and A (continued) functions

 ---------------------------------                                            15

 Q) I need to reorder characters within a string...use SUBSTR?
 A) You can do this using only one function call with TRANSLATE
    versus two functions calls with SUBSTR.  The following lines
    each move the first character of a 4-character string to the last:
       reorder = translate('2341',string,'1234');
       reorder = substr(string,2,3) || substr(string,1,1);

1 Numeric (standard input) informats

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 BESTw.d      standard numeric integer and decimal data and scientific notation
              refer to W.d for examples
 BINARYw.d    binary data as positive numbers
              00001111 | num binary8   | 15
              00001111 | num binary8.2 | 0.15
 BZw.d        translates trailing and embedded blanks to zeroes
              34   | num bz4.  | 3400
              -2 1 | num bz4.1 | -20.1
 COMMAw.d     removes commas, blanks, dollar and percent signs, dashes and right
              parantheses, and translates left parantheses to minus signs
              $1,000,000 | comma10.  | 1000000
              500        | comma10.1 | 50
              (500)      | comma10.  | -500
              (-500)     | comma10.  | -500
 COMMAXw.d    removes periods, commas, blanks, dollar and percent signs, dashes
              and right ')'s, and translates left '('s to minus signs
              $1.000.000 | commax10.  | 1000000
              (500)      | commax10.  | -500
              (500)      | commax10.1 | -50
 Dw.d         standard numeric integer and decimal data and scientific notation
              refer to W.d for examples
 DOLLARw.d    same as COMMAw.d
              refer to COMMAw.d for examples
 DOLLARXw.d   same as COMMAXw.d
              refer to COMMAXw.d for examples
 Ew.d         scientific notation
              1.257E3 | e7.  | 1257
              1.257E3 | e7.1 | 125.7
 Fw.d         standard numeric integer and decimal data and scientific notation
              refer to W.d for examples
 HEXw.        if w < 16, hexadecimal integers; if w = 16, hexadecimal
              signed floating point numbers
              01F              | hex3.  | 31
              4152000000000000 | hex16. | 5.125
              C310000000000000 | hex16. | -256
 NUMXw.d&     numeric values with a comma for the decimal point
              896,48 | numx6. | 896.48
 OCTALw.d     values stored in base eight
              177 | octal3.  | 127
              177 | octal3.1 | 12.7
 PERCENTw.    percentages; removes commas, blanks, dollar signs, and dashes,
              translates left parantheses to minus signs, and interprets right
              parantheses as division by 100
              1%     | percent6. | 0.01
              -1%    | percent6. | -0.01
              20-%   | percent6. | 0.2
              (20%)  | percent6. | -0.2
              (-20%) | percent6. | -0.2
9TRAILSGNw.   numeric values that may contain trailing plus or minus signs
              5-    | trailsgn5. | -5
              14.3+ | trailsgn5. | 14.3
              14.3  | trailsgn5. | 14.3
 w.d          standard numeric integer and decimal data and scientific notation
              23    | 5.  | 23
              23    | 5.5 | 0.00023
              -23   | 5.  | -23
              23.2  | 5.  | 23.2
              23.2  | 5.5 | 23.2
              2.3E1 | 5.  | 23

 Character
 ---------

 $ASCIIw.     converts ascii to native format
              abc | $ascii3. | [e]'818283'x [a]'616263'x
 $BINARYw.    binary data (every 8 bits = 1 character)
              01001100010011101 | $binary16. | [e]'LM'x [a]'<('
 $CBw.        column-binary files in punchcard code
              refer to SASLang, p638 for example

1 Character (continued) informats

 ---------------------                                                        17

 $CHARw.      preserves leading and trailing blanks, '.' is not read as missing
               abc | $char5. | ' abc '
 $CHARZBw.    translates nulls to blanks
              '81820083'x | $charzb4. | [e]'ab c'
 $EBCDICw.    converts ebcdic to native format
              abc | $ascii3. | [e]'818283'x [a]'616263'x
 $Fw.         trims leading blanks, '.' is read as missing
              refer to $W. for examples
 $HEXw.       hexadecimal data
              5A5A | $hex4. | [e]'!!' [a]'ZZ'x
 $OCTALw.     octal data, width w is the number of octal digits multiplied by 3
              132132 | $octal18. | [e]'!!' [a]'ZZ'x
 $PHEXw.      packed decimal notation, the low-order nibble is ignored
              '1E0F'x | $phex2. | '1E0'
 $QUOTEw.+    removes matching beginning and ending quotes
              'SAS' | $quote3. | SAS
              "SAS" | $quote3. | SAS
              "6'2" | $quote3. | 6'2
 $REVERJw.@   inputs text right to left, preserves leading and trailing blanks
              ABCD   | $reverj6. | '  DCBA'
 $REVERSw.@   inputs text right to left, left justifies result
              ABCD   | $revers6. | 'DCBA  '
 $UPCASEw.+   converts all lowercase characters to uppercase
              sas | $upcase3. | 'SAS'
 $VARYINGw.   varying lengths of data, a length variable must follow, w=max len
              5floyd | lv 1. str $varying9. lv | str='floyd'
 $w.          trims leading blanks, '.' is read as missing
               abc | $5. | 'abc  '

 Numeric (hexadecimal input)
 ---------------------------

 BITSw.d      extracts bits as positive numbers, d is 0-based offset [0-63]
              'C2'x | bits4.4 |  2
              'C2'x | bits6.1 | 33
 CBw.d        column-binary files in punchcard code
              refer to SASLang, p647 for example
 FLOATw.d+    floating point numbers; compare with RBw.d--different results
              for truncated 8-byte floating point numbers under operating
              systems using IEEE floating point standard
 IBw.d        signed integers
              '00000080'x | ib4.  | 128
              '00000080'x | ib4.2 | 1.28
              'FFFFFFFE'x | ib4.  | -2
7IBRw.d       integer binary (fixed-point) in Intel and DEC format
              'A900'x     | ibr2.  | 169
              '31420000'x | ibr4.2 | 169.45
 IEEEw.d+     floating point numbers stored in IEEE standard format
 PDw.d        signed packed decimal data
              '0000128A'x | pd4.  | 128
              '0000128B'x | pd4.  | -128
              '0000128C'x | pd4.  | 128
              '0000128D'x | pd4.  | -128
              '0000128E'x | pd4.  | 128
              '0000128F'x | pd4.  | 128
              '0000128F'x | pd4.2 | 1.28
 PIBw.d       positive integers
              A       | pib1.  | [e]193 [a]65
              '65'x   | pib1.  | 101
              '65'x   | pib1.1 | 10.1
              '0100'x | pib2.  | 256
7PIBRw.d      positive integer binary (fixed-point) in Intel and DEC format
              '0001'x | pibr2. | 256
 PKw.d        unsigned packed decimal data
              '001234'x | pk3.  | 1234
              '001234'x | pk3.2 | 12.34
 PUNCH.d      whether a row of column-binary data is punched; refer to 9ONLDOC

1 Numeric (hexadecimal input, continued) informats

 --------------------------------------                                       18

 RBw.d        floating point numbers
              '4280000000000000'x | rb8.  | 128
              '4280000000000000'x | rb8.1 | 12.8
              '4280089345600000'x | rb8.  | 128.03349718
              'C110000000000000'x | rb8.  | -1
 ROWw.d       column-binary field down a card column; refer to 9ONLODC
 S370FFw.d=   standard numeric data stored in IBM mainframe format
              'F1F2F3'x | s370ff3.  | 123
              'F1F2F3'x | s370ff3.2 | 1.23
 S370FIBw.d   signed integers stored in IBM mainframe format
              refer to IBw.d for examples
 S370FIBUw.d= unsigned integers stored in IBM mainframe format
              identical to S370FPIBw.d
 S370FPDw.d   signed packed decimal data stored in IBM mainframe format
              refer to PDw.d for examples
 S370FPDUw.d= unsigned packed decimal data stored in IBM mainframe format,
              similar to S370FPDw.d, but all sign digits except 'F' are rejected
 S370FPIBw.d  positive integers stored in IBM mainframe format
              refer to PIBw.d for examples
 S370FRBw.d   floating point numbers stored in IBM mainframe format
              refer to RBw.d for examples
 S370FZDw.d=  zoned decimal data stored in IBM mainframe format
              refer to ZDw.d for examples
 S370FZDLw.d= zoned decimal leading sign data stored in IBM mainframe format
              'C1F2F3'x | s370fzdl3.  | 123
              'C1F2F3'x | s370fzdl3.2 | 1.23
              'D1F2F3'x | s370fzdl3.2 | -123
 S370FZDSw.d= zoned decimal separate leading sign data stored in IBM mainframe
              format
              '4EF1F2F3'x | s370fzds4.  | 123
              '60F1F2F3'x | s370fzds4.2 | -1.23
 S370FZDTw.d= zoned decimal separate trailing sign data stored in IBM mainframe
              format
              'F1F2F34E'x | s370fzdt4.  | 123
              'F1F2F360'x | s370fzdt4.2 | -1.23
              'F1F2F340'x | s370fzdt4.2 | [invalid]
 S370FZDUw.d= unsigned zoned decimal data stored in IBM mainframe
              similar to S370FZDw.d, but all sign digits except 'F' are rejected
 VAXRBw.d     floating point numbers stored in VMS format
              refer to RBw.d for examples
 VMSZNw.d*+   [VMS] zoned decimal data in VMS format, last digit is '0'-'9' for
              positive values and 'p'-'y' for negative values
              1234 | vmszn4.  | 1234
              123t | vmszn4.1 | -123.4
 ZDw.d        zoned decimal data, ignores high order nibbles, last digit is
              '{'-'I' for positive values and '}'-'R' for negative values
              'F0F1F2C8'x | zd4.  | 128
              'F1F0F2D8'x | zd4.  | -1028
              '81F0F2F8'x | zd4.  | 1028
              'F1F2F3D9'x | zd4.1 | -123.9
 ZDBw.d       zoned decimal data produced in IBM 1410, 1401, and 1620 form
              (zeroes are '40'x instead of 'F0'x)
              '40F140C8'x | zd4.  | 108
              'F1F240D9'x | zd4.1 | -120.9
 ZDVw.d+      zoned decimal data; validates high order nibbles
              'F1F0F2D8'x | zd4.  | -1028
              '81F0F2F8'x | zd4.  | [invalid]

 Dates and Times
 ---------------
              w/dlm = "delimiters may separate day, month, and year values, but
                      the delimiter must be consistent and used throughout"

9ANYDTDTEw.   date values of any of the following forms: DATE, DATETIME, DDMMYY,
              JULIAN, MMDDYY, MONYY, TIME, YYMMDD, or YYQ
9ANYDTDTMw.   datetime values of any of the following forms: DATE, DATETIME,
              DDMMYY, JULIAN, MMDDYY, MONYY, TIME, YYMMDD, or YYQ
9ANYDTTMEw.   time values of any of the following forms: DATE, DATETIME, DDMMYY,
              JULIAN, MMDDYY, MONYY, TIME, YYMMDD, or YYQ

1 Dates and Times (continued) informats

 ---------------------------                                                  19

 DATEw.       date of the form ddmmmyy<yy>, w/dlm
              1jan1990   | date10. | 10958
              01 jan 90  | date10. | 10958
              1-jan-1990 | date10. | 10958
 DATETIMEw.   datetime of the form ddmmmyy<yy>chh:mm<:ss.ss>, w/dlm, c is any
              delimiter
              23dec89 10:03:17.2     | datetime22. | 946029797.2
              23dec1989D10:03:17.2   | datetime22. | 946029797.2
              23-dec-1989/10:03:17.2 | datetime22. | 946029797.2
 DDMMYYw.     date of the form ddmmyy<yy>, w/dlm
              231090     | ddmmyy8.  | 11253
              23/10/90   | ddmmyy8.  | 11253
              23 10 90   | ddmmyy8.  | 11253
              23/10/1990 | ddmmyy10. | 11253
 JULIANw.     date of the form <yy>yyddd
              90091 | julian5. | 11048
 MMDDYYw.     date of the form mmddyy<yy>, w/dlm
              010190     | mmddyy8.  | 10958
              1/1/90     | mmddyy8.  | 10958
              01 1 90    | mmddyy8.  | 10958
              01/01/1990 | mmddyy10. | 10958
 MONYYw.      date of the form mmmyy<yy>, the first day of the month is used
              jan90 | monyy5. | 10958
 MSEC8.       time stored in IBM mainframe TIME MIC values
              '0000EA044E65A000'x | msec8. | 62818.412122
 PDJULGw.&    IBM packed decimal julian dates in the hexadecimal form yyyydddF
              '1999003F'x | pdjulg4. | [jan 03, 1999]
              '2000003F'x | pdjulg4. | [jan 03, 2000]
 PDJULIw.&    IBM packed decimal julian dates in the hexadecimal form ccyydddF
              where cc is the century indicator ('00'x = 1900, '01'x = 2000)
              '0001003F'x | pdjuli4. | [jan 03, 1901]
              '0101003F'x | pdjuli4. | [jan 03, 2001]
 PDTIME4.     time stored in IBM mainframe SMF and RMF records
              '0142225F'x | pdtime4. | 51745
 RMFDUR4.     time from RMF measurement intervals of IBM mainframe RMF records
              '3552226F'x | rmfdur4. | 2152.266
 RMFSTAMP8.   datetime stored in IBM mainframe RMF records
              '0142225F0089286F'x | rmfstamp8. | 939910945
7SHRSTAMP8.   datetime stored in IBM mainframe SHR records
              '0097239F12403576'x | shrstamp8. | 1188304835.8
 SMFSTAMP8.   datetime stored in IBM mainframe SMF records
              '004EF5280089286F'x | smfstamp8. | 939910945.68
9STIMERw.     time values written to the log via the STIMER option
              54          | stimer11. | 54
              5:54        | stimer11. | 354
              10:05:54.98 | stimer11. | 36354.98
 TIMEw.       time of the form hh:mm:<ss.ss><am|pm>, the ':' may be substituted
              with any non-alphanumeric character
              14:22:25   | time8.  | 51745
              02:22:25pm | time10. | 51745
              02:22:25am | time10. | 8545
 TODSTAMP8.   datetime stored as IBM mainframe time-of-day clock value
              '93B200C19E7A2000'x | todstamp8. | 704914018.41
 TU4.         time stored as IBM mainframe timer unit value
              '8FC7A9BC'x | tu4. | 62818.411563
 VMSTIME.*    [VMS] time stored in VMS format timestamp
 YYMMDDw.     date of the form <yy>yymmdd, w/dlm
              900101     | yymmdd8.  | 10958
              90/1/1     | yymmdd8.  | 10958
              1990 1 1   | yymmdd8.  | 10958
              1990/01/01 | yymmdd10. | 10958
 YYMMNw.&     date in the form of <yy>yymm, the first day of the month is used;
              prior to 6.09E TS470 and 6.12 TS060, this informat is available
              only to sites licensing ETS
              9001   | yymmn4. | 10958
              199001 | yymmn6. | 10958
 YYQw.        date in the form of <yy>yyQq, resulting in the first day of the
              quarter 'q' for year '<yy>yy'
              90Q2 | yyq4. | 11048

1 National Language Support (NLS) informats

 -------------------------------                                              20
 note: no SAS version origin data provided
 for details refer to the SAS Version 9 online documentation

 $CPTDWw.     converts Hebrew DOS (cp862) encoding to Windows (cp1255) encoding
 $CPTWDw.     converts Windows (cp1255) encoding to Hebrew DOS (cp862) encoding
 $KANJIw.     removes shift code data from DBCS data
 $KANJIXw.    adds shift-code data to DBCS data
 $LOGVSw.     converts left-to-right logical order to visual order
 $LOGVSRw.    converts right-to-left logical order to visual order
 $VSLOGw.     converts visual order to left-to-right logical order
 $VSLOGRw.    converts visual order to right-to-left logical order
 $UCS2Bw.     converts big-endian, 16-bit, UCS2, Unicode to current encoding
 $UCS2BEw.    converts current encoding to big-endian, 16-bit, UCS2, Unicode
 $UCS2Lw.     converts little-endian, 16-bit, UCS2, Unicode to current encoding
 $UCS2LEw.    converts current encoding to little-endian, 16-bit, UCS2, Unicode
 $UCS2Xw.     converts 16-bit, UCS2, Unicode to current SAS session encoding
 $UCS2XEw.    converts current SAS session encoding to 16-bit, UCS2, Unicode
 $UCS4Bw.     converts big-endian, 32-bit, UCS4, Unicode to current encoding
 $UCS4Lw.     converts little-endian, 32-bit, UCS4, Unicode to current encoding
 $UCS4Xw.     converts 32-bit, UCS4, Unicode to current SAS session encoding
 $UCS4XEw.    converts current SAS session encoding to 32-bit, UCS4, Unicode
 $UESCw.      converts string encoded in UESC representation to current encoding
 $UESCEw.     converts string of current encoding to UESC representation
 $UNCRw.      converts NCR character string to current SAS session encoding
 $UNCREw.     converts current SAS session encoded string to NCR string
 $UPARENw.    converts str encoded in UPAREN representation to current encoding
 $UPARENEw.   converts string of current encoding to UPAREN representation
 $UPARENPw.   same as UPAREN but national chars remain in UPAREN representation
 $UTF8Xw.     converts string encoded in UTF-8 to current SAS session encoding
 EURDFDEw.    date in an international format similar to DATE.
 EURDFDTw.    datetime in an international format
 EURDFMYw.    date in an international format similar to MONYY.
 EUROw.d      removes chars in European currency; reverses comma & decimal point
 EUROXw.d     removes embedded characters in European currency
 JDATEYMDw.   Japanese kanji date in the form <yy>yymmmdd
 JNENGOw.     Japanese kanji date in the form yymmdd
 MINGUOw.     date of the Taiwanese form yyymmdd
 NENGOw.      date stored in Japanese form r.yymmdd
 NLDATEw.     converts date value of specified locale to local SAS date value
 NLDATMw.     converts datetime value of specified locale to local SAS datetime
 NLMNYw.d     monetary data in the specified locale for the local expression
 NLMNYIw.d    monetary data in specified locale for the international expression
 NLNUMw.d     numeric data in the specified locale for local expressions
 NLNUMIw.d    numeric data in the specified locale for international expressions
 NLPCTw.d     percentage data in the specified locale for local expressions
 NLPCTIw.d    percentage data in specified locale for international expressions
 NLTIMAPw.    converts am/pm time value of specified locale to local SAS time
 NLTIMEw.     converts time value of specified locale to local SAS time value
 WEEKUw.      converts number-of-week value to SAS date value using U algorithm
 WEEKVw.      converts number-of-week value to SAS date value using V algorithm
 WEEKWw.      converts number-of-week value to SAS date value using W algorithm
 YENw.d       removes commas, decimal points, and yen signs

1 Numeric (hexadecimal output) formats

 ----------------------------                                                 21
              abs(neg) = 'takes absolute value of negative values'

 FLOATw.d+    floating point numbers; compare with RBw.d--different results
              for truncated 8-byte floating point numbers under operating
              systems using IEEE floating point standard
 IBw.d        signed integers
              128  | ib4.  | '00000080'x
              1.28 | ib4.2 | '00000080'x
              -2   | ib4.  | 'FFFFFFFE'x
7IBRw.d       integer binary (fixed-point) in Intel and DEC format
              169    | ibr2.  | 'A900'x
              169.45 | ibr4.2 | '31420000'x
 IEEEw.d+     floating point numbers in IEEE standard format
 PDw.d        signed packed decimal values
              128  | pd4.  | '0000128C'x
              1.28 | pd4.2 | '0000128C'x
              -128 | pd4.  | '0000128D'x
 PIBw.d       positive integers
              193  | pib1.  | 'C1'x
              10.1 | pib1.1 | '65'x
              256  | pib2.  | '0100'x
7PIBRw.d      positive integer binary (fixed-point) in Intel and DEC format
              256 | pibr2.  | '0001'x
 PKw.d        unsigned packed decimal values
              1234  | pk3.  | '001234'x
              12.34 | pk3.2 | '001234'x
 RBw.d        floating point numbers
              128          | rb8.  | '4280000000000000'x
              12.8         | rb8.1 | '427FFFFFFFFFFFFF'x
              128.03349718 | rb8.  | '42800893456C9BB4'x
              -1           | rb8.  | 'C110000000000001'x
7S370FFw.d    standard numeric data stored in IBM mainframe format
              123 | s370ff3. | 'F1F2F3'x
 S370FIBw.d   signed integers in IBM mainframe format
              refer to IBw.d for examples
 S370FIBUw.d= unsigned integers in IBM mainframe format, abs(neg)
              245  | s370fibu1. | 'F5'x
              -245 | s370fibu1. | 'F5'x
 S370FPDw.d   signed packed decimal values in IBM mainframe format
              refer to PDw.d for examples
 S370FPDUw.d= unsigned packed decimal data in IBM mainframe format, abs(neg)
              123  | s370fpdu2. | '123F'x
              -123 | s370fpdu2. | '123F'x
 S370FPIBw.d  positive integers in IBM mainframe format
              refer to PIBw.d for examples
 S370FRBw.d   floating point numbers in IBM mainframe format
              refer to RBw.d for examples
 S370FZDw.d=  zoned decimal data in IBM mainframe format
              refer to ZDw.d for examples
 S370FZDLw.d= zoned decimal leading sign data in IBM mainframe format
              123  | s370fzdl3. | 'C1F2F3'x
              -123 | s370fzdl3. | 'D1F2F3'x
 S370FZDSw.d= zoned decimal separate leading sign data in IBM mainframe format
              123  | s370fzds4. | '4EF1F2F3'x
              -123 | s370fzds4. | '60F1F2F3'x
 S370FZDTw.d= zoned decimal separate trailing sign data in IBM mainframe format
              123  | s370fzdt4. | 'F1F2F34E'x
              -123 | s370fzdt4. | 'F1F2F360'x
 S370FZDUw.d= unsigned zoned decimal data in IBM mainframe format, abs(neg)
              123  | s370fzdu3. | 'F1F2F3'x
              -123 | s370fzdu3. | 'F1F2F3'x
9VAXRBw.d     floating point numbers in VMS format
              1 | vaxrb8. | '8040000000000000'x
 VMSZNw.d*+   [VMS] zoned decimal data in VMS format
              -1234 | vmszn5. | 123t
 ZDw.d        zoned decimal data, last digit is '{'-'I' for positive values and
              '}'-'R' for negative values
              128    | zd4.  | 'F0F1F2C8'x
              -1028  | zd4.  | 'F1F0F2D8'x
              -123.9 | zd4.1 | 'F1F2F3D9'x

1 Dates and Times formats

 ---------------------------                                                  22
              w/x_sep = "with x being C, D, N, P, or S to designate comma, dash,
                        "null, period, or slash, respectively as the separator"

 DATEw.       date value in the form ddmmmyy<yy>
              10847 | date5. | 12SEP
              10847 | date7. | 12SEP89
              10847 | date9. | 12SEP1989
 DATEAMPMw.d& datetime value in the form ddmmmyy<yy>:hh:mm:ss.ss AM|PM
              937192783 | dateampm10. | 12SEP89:03
              937192783 | dateampm13. | 12SEP89:03 AM
              937192783 | dateampm19. | 12SEP89:03:19:43 AM
 DATETIMEw.d  datetime value in the form ddmmmyy<yy>:hh:mm:ss.ss
              937192783 | datetime7.   | 12SEP89
              937192783 | datetime16.  | 12SEP89:03:19:43
              937192783 | datetime18.1 | 12SEP89:03:19:43.0
 DAYw.        day of month [1-31] from a date value
              10919 | day2. | 23
 DDMMYYw.     date value in the form ddmmyy<yy>
              11316 | ddmmyy5.  | 25/12
              11316 | ddmmyy6.  | 251290
              11316 | ddmmyy10. | 25/12/1990
7DDMMYYxw.&   date value in the form ddmmyy<yy>, w/x_sep; avail in 6.12 and
              6.09E as DDMMYYNw. (with only the 'N' separator)
              11316 | ddmmyyn6. | 120989
              11316 | ddmmyyn8. | 12091989
              11316 | ddmmyyd8. | 12-09-89
 DOWNAMEw.    day of week from a date value
              10621 | downame6. | Sunday
              10621 | downame3. | Sun
9DTDATEw.     same as DATEw. but accepts a datetime value
9DTMONYYw.    same as MONYYw. but accepts a datetime value
9DTWKDATXw.   same as WEEKDATXw. but accepts a datetime value
9DTYEARw.     same as YEARw. but accepts a datetime value
9DTYYQCw.     year and quarter from a datetime value with a colon as separator
              1447343794 | dtyyqc6. | 2005:4
 HHMMw.d      hours and minutes from a time value
              10530 | hhmm.   |  2:55
              10530 | hhmm7.2 | 2:55.50
 HOURw.d      hours from a time value
              10530 | hour.   |  3
              10530 | hour6.2 |   2.93
 JULDAYw.     julian day of the year from a date value
              11048 | julday3. |  91
 JULDATEw.    julian date from a date value
              refer to JULIANw. for examples
 JULIANw.     julian date from a date value
              11048 | julian5. | 90091
              11048 | julian7. | 1990091
 MMDDYYw.     date value in the form mmddyy<yy>
              10847 | mmddyy4.  | 0912
              10847 | mmddyy5.  | 09/12
              10847 | mmddyy6.  | 091289
              10847 | mmddyy7.  |  091289
              10847 | mmddyy8.  | 09/12/89
              10847 | mmddyy10. | 09/12/1989
7MMDDYYxw.&   date value in the form mmddyy<yy>, w/x_sep; avail in 6.12 and
              6.09E as MMDDYYNw. (with only the 'N' separator)
              10847 | mmddyyn6. | 091289
              10847 | mmddyyn8. | 09121989
              10847 | mmddyyd8. | 09-12-89
 MMSSw.d      minutes and seconds from a time value
              4530    | mmss.   | 75:30
              4530.34 | mmss8.2 | 75:30.34
 MMYYxw.      month and year from a date value, w/x_sep
              10741 | mmyy5.  | 05M89
              10741 | mmyyd7. | 05-1989
              10741 | mmyys7. | 05/1989
 MONNAMEw.    month name from a date value
              10919 | monname9. |  November
              10919 | monname3. | Nov

1 Dates and Times (continued) formats

 ---------------------------                                                  23

 MONTHw.      month of the year [1-12] from a date value
              10919 | month2. | 11
 MONYYw.      date value in the form mmmyy<yy>
              10958 | monyy5. | JAN90
              10958 | monyy7. | JAN1990
 PDJULGw.&    IBM packed decimal julian dates in the hexadecimal form yyyydddF
              14247 | pdjulg4. | '1999003F'x
              14612 | pdjulg4. | '2000003F'x
 PDJULIw.&    IBM packed decimal julian dates in the hexadecimal form ccyydddF
              where cc is the century indicator ('00'x = 1900, '01'x = 2000)
              -21547 | pdjuli4. | '0001003F'x
              14978  | pdjuli4. | '0101003F'x
 QTRw.        quarter of the year from a date value
              10741 | qtr1. | 2
 QTRRw.       quarter of the year from a date value using Roman numerals
              10741 | qtr3. |  II
 TIMEAMPMw.d& time in the form hh:mm:ss.ss AM|PM from a time value
              51745 | timeampm5.  |  2 PM
              51745 | timeampm11. |  2:22:25 PM
              8545  | timeampm11. |  2:22:25 AM
 TIMEw.d      time in the form hh:mm:ss.ss from a time value
              51745    | time8.   | 14:22:25
              51745.23 | time11.2 | 14:22:25.23
 TODw.        time portion from a datetime value
              956978640 | tod8. |  3:24:00
 VMSTIMEF.*   [VMS] datetime value in VMS date and time format
 WEEKDATEw.   day name, month name, day, and year from a date value
              10848 | weekdate3.  | Wed
              10848 | weekdate9.  | Wednesday
              10848 | weekdate17. | Wed, Sep 13, 1989
              10848 | weekdate29. | Wednesday, September 13, 1989
 WEEKDATXw.   day name, day, month name, and year from a date value
              10848 | weekdatx17. | Wed,  13 Sep 1989
              10848 | weekdatx29. | Wednesday,  13 September 1989
 WEEKDAYw.    day of week [1-7] from a date value
              10848 | weekday1. | 4
 WORDDATEw.   month name, day, and year from a date value
              10848 | worddate3.  | Sep
              10848 | worddate9.  | September
              10848 | worddate12. | Sep 13, 1989
              10848 | worddate18. | September 13, 1989
 WORDDATXw.   day, month name, and year from a date value
              10848 | worddatx3.  | Sep
              10848 | worddatx9.  | September
              10848 | worddatx12. |  13 Sep 1989
              10848 | worddatx18. |  13 September 1989
 YEARw.       year from a date value
              10848 | year2. | 89
              10848 | year4. | 1989
 YYMMxw.      year and month from a date value, w/x_sep
              10741 | yymm5.  | 89M05
              10741 | yymmc7. | 1989:05
 YYMMDDw.     date value in the form <yy>yymmdd
              10669 | yymmdd4.  | 8903
              10669 | yymmdd6.  | 890318
              10669 | yymmdd10. | 1989-03-18
7YYMMDDxw.&   date value in the form <yy>yymmdd, w/x_sep; avail in 6.12 and
              6.09E as YYMMDDNw. (with only the 'N' separator)
              10669 | yymmddn6. | 890318
              10669 | yymmddn8. | 19890318
              10669 | yymmddd8. | 89-03-18
 YYMONw.      date value in the form <yy>yymmm
              10958 | yymon5. | 90JAN
              10958 | yymon7. | 1990JAN
 YYQxw.       year and quarter from a date value, w/x_sep
              10741 | yyqd6. | 1989-2
              10741 | yyqn5. | 19892
 YYQRxw.      year and quarter (Roman numerals) from a date value, w/x_sep
              10741 | yyqrp8. |  1989.II

1 Numeric (standard output) formats

 -------------------------                                                    24

 BESTw.       SAS chooses best notation for specified width
              1257000 | best7. | 1257000
              1257000 | best6. | 1.26E6
              1257000 | best3. | 1E6
 BINARYw.     binary representation; truncates decimal, writes all negative
              values as all '1's
              123.45 | binary8. | 01111011
              123    | binary8. | 01111011
              -123   | binary8. | 11111111
 COMMAw.d     inserts commas, prior to V7 d must be zero or two
              23451.23 | comma9.2 | 23,451.23
 COMMAXw.d    inserts periods with a comma separating the decimal fraction,
              prior to V7 d must be zero or two
              23451.23 | commax9.2 | 23.451,23
 Dw.s#        numeric values using at least s significant digits (this writes
              numbers in similar ranges with same number of decimal places)
              12345  | d10.4 |    12345.0
              1234.5 | d10.4 |     1234.5
              123.45 | d10.4 |  123.45000
              12.345 | d10.4 |   12.34500
              1.2345 | d10.4 |    1.23450
              .12345 | d10.4 |    0.12345
 DOLLARw.d    prefixes '$', inserts commas, prior to V7 d must be zero or two
              1254.71 | dollar9.2 | $1,254.71
 DOLLARXw.d   prefixes '$', inserts periods with a comma separating the decimal
              fraction, prior to V7 d must be zero or two
              1254.71 | dollar9.2 | $1.254,71
 Ew.d         scientific notation
              1257  | e10. |  1.257E+03
 Fw.d         standard numeric integer and decimal data
              refer to W.d for examples
 FRACTw.      converts decimal data to fractions in reduced form
              0.666667 | fract8.  |      2/3
              0.2784   | fract10. |    174/625
 HEXw.        if w < 16, hexadecimal integers; if w = 16, hexadecimal
              signed floating point numbers
              31    | hex8.  | 0000001F
              5.125 | hex16. | 4152000000000000
              -256  | hex16. | C310000000000000
 NEGPARENw.d  displays negative numbers in parantheses, inserts commas
              1000  | negparen10. | b   1,000b [b = blank]
              -1000 | negparen10. | (   1,000)
 NUMXw.d&     numeric values with a comma for the decimal point
              896.48 | numx6.2 | 896,48
              896.48 | numx6   |    896
 OCTALw       octal integers
              3592 | octal6. | 007010
 PERCENTw.d   percentages; uses BESTw. format, displays negative values in
              parantheses, width must be between 0 and 2
              0.1    | percent10.  | b     10%b [b = blank]
              1.2    | percent10.  | b    120%b [b = blank]
              -0.05  | percent10.  | (      5%)
              -0.053 | percent10.2 | (   5.30%)
 PVALUEw.d#   writes p-values
              -1 | pvalue. |    0.0
              0  | pvalue. | 0.0001
              1  | pvalue. | 1.0000
 ROMANw.      values in Roman numerals
              1992 | roman7. | MCMXCII
 SSNw.        social security numbers with dashes
              263878439 | ssn11. | 263-87-8439
 UICw.*       [VMS] converts numeric values to VMS UIC strings
 VMSMSGw.*+   [VMS] numeric values as character strings containing the
              equivalent VMS message
 w.d          standard numeric integer and decimal data
              23.45 | 6.3 | 23.450

1 Numeric (standard output, continued) formats

 ------------------------------------                                         25

 WORDFw.      numbers in English with fractions in hundredths
              2.5  | wordf15. | two and 50/100
              2.5  | wordf10. | two and 5*
              -2.5 | wordf19. | minus two and 50/1*
              -2.5 | wordf21. | minus two and 50/100
 WORDSw.      numbers and fractions in English with fractions in hundredths
              2.1  | words23. | two and ten hundredths
              -2.1 | words23. | minus two and ten hund*
              -2.1 | words28. | minus two and ten hundredths
 Zw.d         standard numeric integer and decimal data with leading zeroes
              23.45 | z9.3 | 00023.450

 Character
 ---------

 $ASCIIw.     converts native format to ascii
              abc | $ascii3. | [a]'616263'x
 $BINARYw.    converts to binary data (every character = 8 binary digits)
              AB | $binary16. | [e]'1100000111000010' [a]'0100000101000010'
 $CHARw.      standard character data, does not trim leading blanks
              refer to $W. for examples
 $EBCDICw.    converts native format to ebcdic
              abc | $ascii3. | [e]'818283'x
 $Fw.         standard character data, does not trim leading blanks
              refer to $W. for examples
 $HEXw.       converts to hexadecimal data (every character = 2 hex digits)
              AB | $hex4. | [e]'C1C2' [a]'4142'x
 $MSGCASEw.+  converts lowercase characters to uppercase based on the value of
              the MSGCASE system option
 $OCTALw.     converts to octal data (every character = 3 octal digits)
              A | $octal9. | [e]'301100100' [a]'101040040'x
 $QUOTEw.+    adds enclosing double quotation marks
              SAS | $quote. | "SAS"
 $REVERJw.@   reverses character order, does not justify result
              ABCD   | $reverj6. | '  DCBA'
 $REVERSw.@   reverses character order, left justifies result
              ABCD   | $revers6. | 'DCBA  '
 $UPCASEw.+   converts lowercase characters to uppercase
              sas | $upcase3. | SAS
 $VARYINGw.   varying lengths of data, length variable must follow, w=max len
              str='floyd' lv=5 | str $varying9. lv | 'floyd'
 $w.          standard character data, does not trim leading blanks
               abc | $char5. | ' abc '

 National Language Support (NLS)
 -------------------------------
 note: no SAS version origin data provided
 for details refer to the SAS Version 9 online documentation

 $BIDIw.      reverses order of Hebrew chars; preserves order of Latin words
 $CPTDWw.     Hebrew text in IBM-PC (cp862) in Windows Hebrew encoding (cp 1255)
 $CPTWDw.     Hebrew text in Windows (cp1255) in Hebrew DOS (cp862) encoding
 $KANJIw.     adds shift-code data to DBCS data
 $KANJIXw.    removes shift-code data from DBCS data
 $LOGVSw.     string that is in left-to-right-logical order in visual order
 $LOGVSRw.    string that is in right-to-left-logical order in visual order
 $UCS2Bw.     current SAS session encoding in big-endian, 16-bit, UCS2, Unicode
 $UCS2BEw.    big-endian, 16-bit, UCS2, Unicode in current session SAS encoding
 $UCS2Lw.     current session encoding in little-endian, 16-bit, UCS2, Unicode
 $UCS2LEw.    little-endian, 16-bit, UCS2, Unicode in current session encoding
 $UCS2Xw.     current session encoding in native-endian, 16-bit, UCS2, Unicode
 $UCS2XEw.    native-endian, 16-bit, UCS2, Unicode in current session encoding
 $UCS4Bw.     current session encoding in big-endian, 32-bit, UCS4, Unicode
 $UCS4BEw.    big-endian, 32-bit, UCS4, Unicode in current SAS session encoding
 $UCS4Lw.     current session encoding in little-endian, 32-bit, UCS4, Unicode
 $UCS4LEw.    little-endian, 32-bit, UCS4, Unicode in current session encoding
 $UCS4Xw.     current session encoding in native-endian, 32-bit, UCS4, Unicode
 $UCS4XEw.    native-endian, 32-bit, UCS4, Unicode in current session encoding
 $UESCw.      current session encoding in Unicode escape (UESC) representation

1 National Language Support (NLS) (continued) formats

 -------------------------------------------                                  26
 note: no SAS version origin data provided
 for details refer to the SAS Version 9 online documentation

 $UESCEw.     Unicode escape (UESC) representation in current session encoding
 $UNCRw.      current session encoding in numeric character representation (NCR)
 $UNCREw.     numeric character representation (NCR) in current session encoding
 $UPARENw.    current session encoding in Unicode parenthesis representation
 $UPARENEw.   Unicode parenthesis representation in current session encoding
 $UTF8Xw.     current session encoding in universal transformation format
 $VSLOGw.     string that is in visual order in left-to-right logical order
 $VSLOGRw.    string that is in visual order in right-to-left logical order
 EURDFDDw.    date in an international format similar to DDMMYY.
 EURDFDEw.    date in an international format similar to DATE.
 EURDFDNw.    date in an international format similar to WEEKDAY.
 EURDFDTw.    datetime in an international format, refto610
 EURDFDWNw.   date in an international format similar to DOWNAME.
 EURDFMNw.    date in an international format similar to MONNAME.
 EURDFMYw.    date in an international format similar to MONYY.
 EURDFWDXw.   date in an international format similar to WORDDATX.
 EURDFWKXw.   date in an international format similar to WEEKDATX.
 EURFRATSw.d  converts an amount from Austrian schillings to euros
 EURFRBEFw.d  converts an amount from Belgian francs to euros
 EURFRCHFw.d  converts an amount from Swiss francs to euros
 EURFRCZKw.d  converts an amount from Czech koruny to euros
 EURFRDEMw.d  converts an amount from Deutsche marks to euros
 EURFRDKKw.d  converts an amount from Danish kroner to euros
 EURFRESPw.d  converts an amount from Spanish pesetas to euros
 EURFRFIMw.d  converts an amount from Finnish markkaa to euros
 EURFRFRFw.d  converts an amount from French francs to euros
 EURFRGBPw.d  converts an amount from British pounds to euros
 EURFRGRDw.d  converts an amount from Greek drachmas to euros
 EURFRHUFw.d  converts an amount from Hungarian forints to euros
 EURFRIEPw.d  converts an amount from Irish pounds to euros
 EURFRITLw.d  converts an amount from Italian lire to euros
 EURFRLUFw.d  converts an amount from Luxembourg francs to euros
 EURFRNLGw.d  converts an amount from Dutch guilders to euros
 EURFRNOKw.d  converts an amount from Norwegian krone to euros
 EURFRPLZw.d  converts an amount from Polish zlotys to euros
 EURFRPTEw.d  converts an amount from Portuguese escudos to euros
 EURFRROLw.d  converts an amount from Romanian lei to euros
 EURFRRURw.d  converts an amount from Russian rubles to euros
 EURFRSEKw.d  converts an amount from Swedish kronor to euros
 EURFRSITw.d  converts an amount from Slovenian tolars to euros
 EURFRTRLw.d  converts an amount from Turkish liras to euros
 EURFRYUDw.d  converts an amount from Yugoslavian dinars to euros
 EUROw.d      prefixes euro symbol, inserts commas, period separates decimal
 EUROXw.d     prefixes euro symbol, inserts periods, comma separates decimal
 EURTOATSw.d  converts an amount from euros to Austrian schillings
 EURTOBEFw.d  converts an amount from euros to Belgian francs
 EURTOCHFw.d  converts an amount from euros to Swiss francs
 EURTOCZKw.d  converts an amount from euros to Czech koruny
 EURTODEMw.d  converts an amount from euros to Deutsche marks
 EURTODKKw.d  converts an amount from euros to Danish kroner
 EURTOESPw.d  converts an amount from euros to Spanish pesetas
 EURTOFIMw.d  converts an amount from euros to Finnish markkaa
 EURTOFRFw.d  converts an amount from euros to French francs
 EURTOGBPw.d  converts an amount from euros to British pounds
 EURTOGRDw.d  converts an amount from euros to Greek drachmas
 EURTOHUFw.d  converts an amount from euros to Hungarian forints
 EURTOIEPw.d  converts an amount from euros to Irish pounds
 EURTOITLw.d  converts an amount from euros to Italian lire
 EURTOLUFw.d  converts an amount from euros to Luxembourg francs
 EURTONLGw.d  converts an amount from euros to Dutch guilders
 EURTONOKw.d  converts an amount from euros to Norwegian krone
 EURTOPLZw.d  converts an amount from euros to Polish zlotys
 EURTOPTEw.d  converts an amount from euros to Portuguese escudos
 EURTOROLw.d  converts an amount from euros to Romanian lei
 EURTORURw.d  converts an amount from euros to Russian rubles
 EURTOSEKw.d  converts an amount from euros to Swedish kronor
 EURTOSITw.d  converts an amount from euros to Slovenian tolars

1 National Language Support (NLS) (continued) formats